Perineal tears: outcomes

Obstetric perineal tears, sexual function and dyspareunia among primiparous women 12 months postpartum

Gommesen et al.

BMJ Open, 2019

Shows how obstetric perineal tears may affect sexual function and pain one year after first birth.

Obstetric Perineal Tears, Birth Characteristics and the Association with Urinary Incontinence Among Primiparous Women 12 Months Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study

Gommesen et al.

International Urogynecology Journal, 2024

Examines the association between perineal tears, birth characteristics, and urinary incontinence after first birth.

Pelvic floor symptoms according to severity of second-degree perineal tears

Macedo et al.

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2024

Explores how different severities of second-degree tears relate to pelvic floor symptoms postpartum.

Childbirth-related perineal trauma and its complications

Man, Morton & Morris

Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 2024

Reviews prevalence, risk factors, complications, and management of childbirth-related perineal trauma.

Impact of third- and fourth-degree tears at first birth on subsequent pregnancy outcomes

Edozien et al.

BJOG, 2014

Examines how severe perineal tears at first birth influence later pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Dyspareunia and outcome satisfaction after second-degree tear versus episiotomy

Josefsson et al.

PLOS ONE, 2024

Compares pain during sex and satisfaction after spontaneous second-degree tear versus episiotomy.

Severity of second-degree tears and perineal pain postpartum

Risløkken et al.

Midwifery, 2024

Examines how severity of second-degree tears relates to perineal pain in the first months after birth.

Perineal trauma and postpartum psychological outcomes

Opondo et al.

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2023

Explores associations between perineal trauma and psychological wellbeing after childbirth.

Pelvic floor function after third- and fourth-degree lacerations

Sartore et al.

BMC Women’s Health, 2024

Assesses quality of life and pelvic floor function after severe perineal tears.

Perineal and vaginal tears as markers for occult levator ani trauma

Green et al.

Neurourology and Urodynamics: Abstracts of the 44th Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society (ICS), 20-24 October 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Suggests that perineal and vaginal tears may indicate hidden pelvic floor muscle trauma.

Severe obstetric lacerations and postpartum depression

Asif et al.

BJOG, 2020

Investigates the relationship between severe lacerations, resilience, and postpartum depression.

Parenting stress after perineal tear during childbirth

Rattaz et al.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2025

Explores how physical recovery and depressive symptoms relate to parenting stress after perineal tears.

Women’s Experience with a First- and Second-Degree Perineal Tear and Episiotomy

Aasekjær, K., Skjerven, S., Bratlien, Å. M., Volnes, C., & Sørbye, L. M.

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2025

Explores women’s lived experiences of first- and second-degree perineal tears and episiotomy, highlighting the physical, emotional, and informational needs after childbirth.